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What Is A Merkle Root (Cryptocurrency)? How It Works In Blockchain
What Is a Merkle Root? A Merkle root is the hash of all the hashes of all the transactions that are part of a block in a blockchain network. Key Takeaways A Merkle root is a simple mathematical way to verify the data on a Merkle tree. Merkle roots are used in cryptocurrency to make sure data blocks passed between peers on a peer-to-peer network are whole, undamaged, and unaltered. Merkle roots are central to the computation required to maintain cryptocurrencies like bitcoin and ether. Understanding a Merkle Root A blockchain is comprised of various blocks that are linked with one another (hence the name blockchain). A hash tree, or the Merkle tree, encodes the blockchain data in an efficient and secure manner. It enables the quick verification of blockchain data, as well as quick movement of large amounts of data from one computer node to the other on the peer-to-peer blockchain network. Every transaction occurring on the blockchain network has a hash associated with it. However, these hashes are not stored in a sequential order on the block, rather in the form of a tree-like structure such that each hash is linked to its parent following a parent-child tree-like relation. Since there are numerous transactions stored on a particular block, all the transaction hashes in the block are also hashed, which results in a Merkle root. For example, consider a seven-transaction block. At the lowest level (called the leaf-level), there will be four transaction hashes. At the level one above the leaf-level, there will be two transaction hashes, each of which will connect to two hashes that are below them at the leaf level. At the top (level two), there will be the last transaction hash called the root, and it will connect to the two hashes below it (at level one). Effectively, you get an upside-down binary tree, with each node of the tree connecting to only two nodes below it (hence the name "binary tree"). It has one root hash at the top, which connects to two hashes at level one, each of which again connects to the two hashes at level three (leaf-level), and the structure continues depending upon the number of transaction hashes. Image by Julie Bang © Investopedia 2020 The hashing starts at the lowest level (leaf-level) nodes, and all four hashes are included in the hash of nodes that are linked to it at level one. Similarly, hashing continues at level one, which leads to hashes of hashes reaching to higher levels, until it reaches the single top root hash. This root hash is called the Merkle root, and due to the tree-like linkage of hashes, it contains all the information about every single transaction hash that exists on the block. It offers a single-point hash value that enables validating everything present on that block. For example, if one has to verify a transaction that claims to have come from block #137, they only needs to check the block's Merkle tree, without worrying about verifying anything on any other blocks on the blockchain, like block #136 or block #138. Image by Julie Bang © Investopedia 2020 Enter the Merkle root, which further speeds up verification. Since it carries all the information about the entire tree, one only needs to verify that transaction hash, its sibling-node (if it exists), and then proceed upward until it reaches the top. Essentially, the Merkle tree and Merkle root mechanism significantly reduce the levels of hashing to be performed, enabling faster verification and transactions.World News
By Gawon Bae, Oren Liebermann and Natasha BertrandCNN
North Korea on Wednesday confirmed publicly for the first time that US Army Private Travis King crossed into its territory.
A statement from the country's government-controlled Korean Central News Agency claimed King had expressed "his willingness to seek refugee" in North Korea or a third country. It also claimed King confessed that he had decided to enter North Korea as "he harbored ill feeling against inhuman maltreatment and racial discrimination within the U.S. Army."
King crossed the military demarcation line from South Korea into North Korea in July during a tour of the Joint Security Area inside the demilitarized zone. King, a junior enlisted soldier assigned to US Forces Korea, had faced assault charges in South Korea and was due to return to Fort Bliss, Texas and be removed from the military just one day before he crossed into North Korea, CNN has reported.
KCNA added that he had admitted of "illegally" intruding into the territory of North Korea and said that the investigation is ongoing.
A US defense official said the US could not verify King's alleged comments, but that the focus of the Defense Department's effort is to ensure his safe return.
"The Department's priority is to bring Private King home, and that we are working through all available channels to achieve that outcome," the official said.
CNN has reached out to a spokesperson for King's family for comment. Defense officials have said publicly that King "willfully and without authorization" crossed into North Korea while taking a civilian tour of the DMZ.
The US has repeatedly tried to contact the North Koreans for an update on King's condition, but as of last week had still not received a substantive response, officials told CNN.
Just over a week before making his dash across the border, King was released from a detention facility in South Korea, where he had served 50 days doing labor, defense officials told CNN. Army Secretary Christine Wormuth told the Aspen Security Forum last month that King "absolutely would have faced additional consequences" from the US Army for his conduct in South Korea, if he'd returned as planned.
"(H)e had assaulted an individual in South Korea and had been in custody of the South Korean government and was going to come back to the United States to face the consequences in the Army," Wormuth said. "And I'm sure that he was grappling with that."
King's family told CNN earlier this month that they had no reason to believe that he would defect from the US military.
Jaqueda Gates, King's sister, said at the time that her family had not received more information about her brother's whereabouts, but that he is "not the type to just disappear."
The Biden administration, meanwhile, has been debating whether to designate King as a prisoner of war, which could afford him greater protections under the Geneva Convention, defense officials told CNN.
No final decision has been made, officials said, and as of now King's status is still AWOL, or absent without leave.
King could potentially qualify for POW status since the Korean War ended in an armistice rather than a peace treaty, meaning the US and North Korea are still technically at war. And the Geneva Convention provides strict guidelines to signatories about how a prisoner of war must be treated while in captivity. The US and North Korea are both signatories.But officials have repeatedly emphasized that King was seized by the North Koreans after crossing into the country of his own volition, while dressed as a civilian and on a private tour of the demilitarized zone – not as part of any active fighting between the US and North Korean militaries.
King Legacy Codes August 2023
If you're looking for the latest King Legacy codes, we've got you covered right here. This is one of the most popular games on the Roblox platform, with action that is taken directly from the world of One Piece. With over 10k players in King Legacy at any given time, you'll want to redeem these codes quickly so you can keep up with the best of them.
In addition to our Roblox promo codes that you can use to get rewards across the platform, these codes can net you free in-game currency like Gems and Cash as well as free rewards like stat resets that will let you make sure your character is in tip-top shape. They don't last long, so you'll need to redeem them quickly before they expire. We update this list daily to make sure it is always as accurate as possible. If you need more help leveling up, we also have a handy King Legacy level guide that can help. To find out where the best quests are, check out our King Legacy map guide.
King Legacy codes (active)Checked 29 August, 2023. No new codes found.
Here is the full list of the most recent working King Legacy codes that you can redeem right now:
These expired King Legacy codes have already been removed from the game:
It is easy to redeem codes for King Legacy . Just follow these straightforward steps:
Keep in mind that King Legacy codes are case-sensitive, so you need to type them very carefully. If you're sure the code you want to redeem is typed correctly, the code may have expired unexpectedly. This can happen without warning.
That is all you need to do to redeem the latest active King Legacy codes but it is just the beginning of your journey to become the King of the Pirates. We have the most up-to-date King Legacy fruits tier list to help you decide your equipment and Devil Fruit powers. If you're looking for other Roblox experiences based on the world of One Piece, you can check out our A One Piece codes for you to redeem. Our Blox Fruits codes guide will help you get loads of free Beli in that popular Roblox game as well. Finally, for Naruto fans, we have plenty of Shindo Life codes for you to check out.
Who developed King Legacy?While many Roblox games are the work of one or two talented and dedicated developers, King Legacy has an entire team behind it. Venture Lagoon is the developer behind this popular Roblox game.
When did King Legacy release?There have been millions of Roblox games released since the platform was launched, with many getting lost in the shuffle over the years. King Legacy first launched in 2019, though the game has had some many updates and changes that it hardly looks like it originally did.
How can I get more Roblox King Legacy codes?The best place to find new King Legacy codes is on the developer's social media channels. New codes are usually announced on the game's official Twitter account first.
How do I get fruit in King Legacy?There are three main ways to get devil fruit in King Legacy. You can:
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